Materals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Materals - Assignment Example Reducing the embodied energy in building materials form an important part of the new construction process. Source: Embodied energy in house construction, Energy Efficiency, 2006 Embodied Energy The Green Book brings out 18 recommendations on methods to reduce carbon emissions. This book forms an effective guideline in the designing of building using low cost materials. Embodied energy is the total energy that is required to construct buildings using materials like cement, aluminium and steel. However, this energy is not just the direct energy used but the total energy that would be required to source the material, transport it and ultimately use it in the construction. (Lucuik Mark, 2007) A few examples to further elaborate this point are as follows. Concrete blocks used in the construction industry involve not just the energy used in manufacturing the block but is the summation of the energy that would be involved in transporting it from the sourced location like China to its destin ation location like Saudi Arabia. It would also involve the additional energy that would be further required to process the bricks at the site to enable it in laying. Therefore any amount of energy that is used in the drilling and excavating machines to the energy that is used to sustain the people engaged in the excavation operations all sum up to form the total embodied energy of the product. ... an average it is said that a distribution warehouse has 60% embodied carbon, a supermarket which is always well lit up and uses lot of external energy during its operational time has an embodied carbon of 20%. A normal house has an embodied content of 30% which is somewhere between a warehouse and supermarket. The RICS further provides a certain degree of lifespan to each kind of building ranging from 20 to 75 years. (Lane Thomas, 2010) Therefore apart from the kind of construction, the total life span of the building structure all go into accounting the embodied carbon efficiency of materials. Measuring the carbon footprint of a building is a twofold process. It involves calculating the energy that is required in constructing the building and also adding the embodied energy of the materials that are replaced over a period of time during the building lifecycle. A number of tools apart from the RICS are available in the market that can predict exactly the embodied energy of the materi als that are used in the design of the building structure. These give an idea about the embodied energy in construction and also the operational energy that would be used in the years to come. The problem however in using the different software’s that are available in the market are that each tool provides a different value of embodied carbon data. Hence the results that are obtained from different tools might differ. The other problem includes some industries like the Steel Industry providing blast furnace slag to the concrete industry. This enables them to claim that embodied energy of steel industry is lesser than concrete industry since they are actually conserving energy by utilising the energy used in the kilns to other industrial areas. However standardization of these embodied

Some Factors That Lead to Success in College Essay Example for Free

Some Factors That Lead to Success in College Essay What should we do to make a good impression at a job interview? Last year, my cousin, Jake, went to a bank to apply for a job. As you know, when you apply for a job, you must be ready to answer a lot of question. Some of the questions that an interviewer may ask you include: educational background, previous jobs, and salaries you earned. The problem with Jake was that he was not prepared for the questions. The interviewer asked Jake a lot of things that he could not answer. Because Jake was not prepared for the interview, he did not get the job. If you do not want to be in that situation, you may want to follow these steps. As you can see, it is necessary to be well prepared for the job interview. Having the answer ready, being properly dressed, and being on time can all help to make a good impression on the interviewer. If you follow these steps, you will soon find yourself sitting behind the desk at that coveted job. Topic:Career you choose after leaving school October 21st, 2010Leave a comment Go to comments Career you choose after leaving school What career would you like to choose after leaving school? (Teacher) Today, it is not easy to choose a career. Hundreds of students pass various examinations every year and compete with one another for positions in the various professions which are not so many as there are applicants. I would, however, like to choose teaching as my career. There are several reasons to consider teacher an interesting job. Being a teacher, we have to learn more. If we teach History or Geography, it is important to read many books to make our teaching lessons more interesting to our students. We therefore gain more knowledge of the subjects that we teach than what we can get from the text books. A large amount of text books for the subjects we teach are not likely enough to help us to become an exciting teacher. In other words, a good teacher often reads many other books which are not related to the subjects he or she is supposed to teach. The large extent of knowledge on different fields make students admire the teacher and love the subject of which he or she is in charge. A teacher has to speak well and clearly so  that students can be able to understand instructions and lectures. This would be a motivation to improve our powers of expression. Even our pronunciation of words will be much better. Moreover, a teacher has more free time to read, learn and take some examinations to acquire more qualifications. Finally, as a teacher we are respected as educated persons. Others will show their respect to teachers and have their great regard for them and opinions that teachers give. For the reasons mentioned above, being a teacher can help me to live a happy meaningful life.

Trip to Japan Essay -- essays research papers

It was May 25, 2001. What was clear however, was the fact that I was soon going to be on my own in a country where I did not know the language or the people that I would be meeting there and staying with. The adrenaline rushed through me as I packed the last of my things and ran out of the door. I closed the door to my house and jumped in the car. The idea of leaving America and going to Japan seemed to really not have hit me yet, but now that I look back I know that I had to feel it. I think that the things that I was feeling was such a blob of mixed emotions that I really did not know how to feel so I will just say that I was excited. At the airport I met my best friend and two other friends of mine from school. We would all be traveling together, most all the time. The only things th...

Parallels Between The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway and The Great Gatsby

Parallels Between The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway and The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the decade of the 1920's, America was going through many changes, evolving from the Victorian Period to the Jazz Age. Changing with the times, the young adults of the 1920's were considered the "Lost Generation". The Great War was over in 1918. Men who returned from the war had the scars of war imprinted in their minds. The eighteenth amendment was ratified in 1919 which prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of liquor in the United States. Despite the eighteenth amendment, most people think of large, lavish parties when thinking about the 1920's. The nineteenth amendment was passed in 1920 which gave women the right to vote, a major accomplishment in the women's right movement. Women traded in their long, pinned-up hair styles for short, stylish bob haircuts. Two great American literary writers emerged from the "Lost Generation": namely Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Both men wrote their best novels during the 1920's in which they examined the evils of the time, and the consequences that accompanied the actions of the characters who acted on such vices. There are parallels between the vices of Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and the vices of Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: namely excessive alcohol consumption, sexual promiscuity, and the power of money. The first parallel between a vice in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and a vice in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is that of excessive alcohol consumption. The character's in The Sun Also Rises; namely Brett Ashley, Jake Barnes, Robert Cohn, Mike Campbell and Pedro Romero, are residing in Europe were there is no prohibition on liquor. Whet... ...oney and all the people he know through business contacts and the many parties he had thrown, only Nick and Gatsby's father attended his funeral. In conclusion, there are several parallels of vices between Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: namely the excessive consumption of alcohol, sexual promiscuity, and the power of money. WORKS CITED Fitzgerald, Scott F. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribers, 1925. Jones. Interview. Celebration. BBS message 1160. 10/11/94. Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Macmillan, 1954. McDowell, Nicholas. Hemingway. Vero Beach: Rourke, 1989. Monique, Interview. Theme. BBS message 1755. 11/03/94. Rood, Karen Lane, ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography American Writers in Paris, 1920-1939. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1980. J:ofsengclarklessaylindasch.doc   

Impact of Advertising on Youth Essay

Definition Youth is considered as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood to the independence of adulthood. Due to the expansion of global higher education and delayed marriage, the period of time from youth to adulthood has been extended longer compared to before the expansion. As a result, the marketers, educators and policy makers consider youth stage as a stage that is becoming more important to them (Assaad and Roudi-Fahimi, 2007). According to United Nation (UN), they define ‘youth’ as â€Å"those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years† (UNESCO, 2013). Malaysia follows the United Nation’s definition of youth by changing the old age group of youth from 18 to 40 years old to the new age group of 18 to 25 years old under a new National Youth Policy (The Star Online, 2011). Based on Malaysia Demographics Profile 2014, the number of population for age structure 15 to 24 years old is 2, 580, 486 for male and 2, 511, 579 for female (Index Mundi, 2014). Consumer purchasing behaviour or also known as consumer buyer behaviour is studied to be an inseparable part of marketing and Schiffman (2007) state that consumer buying behaviour is â€Å"the behaviours that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs†. Advertising is a marketers’ technique and a method of communication to encourage and persuade potential or current consumers. These potential or current consumers can be viewers, readers or listeners and they will be persuaded to continue using the marketers’ services or products or take some new action after the advertisement. Sponsors commonly paid for the advertising messages and it can be viewed by means of numerous traditional media and new media (Upadhyay & Joshi, 2014). Advertising Industry in Malaysia In Malaysia, the advertising industry is considered as a profitable business. Malaysia spends about RM2.39 billion in the first half of the year 2007 and this is a 9% increase from the same period in the year 2006 where it is RM2.2 billion. This shows there is a steady growth for this industry in Malaysia (The Report Malaysia, 2008). Furthermore, from the year 2000, there is an increase of 76% for advertising expenditure with cinema, point-of-sale and radio advertising experiencing a triple-digit growth for this same period of time (The Report Malaysia, 2008). Although this industry is lucrative for business, the content for advertisement is highly restricted by the Malaysian Communication & Multimedia Content Code (MCMCC, 2009). Aim Malaysia’s total advertising expenditure rose 22% by the first half of 2008  compared to the last year’s advertising expenditure. This accounted to the expenditure of RM2.9 billion alone for advertisement (Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, 2009). There is no certainty that the money spent on advertisements will give the necessary profits that these companies expected to gain. Due to the fact that the highest purchasing power belongs to the youths, the companies should target the existing youth market. In order to target this market, companies should be equipped with extensive knowledge on which aspect of advertisement that heavily influences the youths’ purchasing behaviour. This research aims to find the factors of advertising that influences the youths’ purchasing behaviour. As youth purchasing power is on the rise and the content of advertisement is highly restricted by the Malaysian Communication & Multimedia Content Code, it is imp erative for the marketers and advertisers to understand what aspects of advertisement that appeals to the eyes of the youth consumers. Motivation of this Study Global youth market is â€Å"an impressionable and loyal market that are making decisions and gathering information on products and companies that could last a lifetime† (Maddock, n.d.). The international marketers and advertisers consider the global youth market as a noteworthy market to consider due to its size, homogeneity and its rising purchasing power. Due to the consideration that they are a significant market, these knowledgeable consumers that are in the youth market have been sniped with promotions for most of their lives. Although there are many types of marketing weapons that can be used to influence them, advertising still remains as the main weapon due to its longer impact on viewer’s mind (Katke, 2007). Even though it is a known fact that youths’ purchasing power is on the rise compared to other range of age, there are still limited researches that have been done regarding this topic. Most researches centred on the relationship between advertising and general consumer purchasing behaviour in other countries. There are inadequate amount of research that was done concerning the relationship between advertising and youths’ purchasing behaviour in Malaysia. Therefore, this research is made to understand what makes an advertisement desirable to the Malaysian youths and its influences on their purchasing behaviour. Problem Statements The world in year 2014 is home to 1.8 billion young people from the age of 10 until 24 (UNFPA, 2014) and majority of the purchasing power belongs to them. This makes them the most persuasive in making purchasing decisions in terms of food, clothing and cars to entertainment and family vacations. They even have a say on what type of home they will live in (Jennifer Waters, 2006). This makes the youths an important target market for advertising agency and companies all around the world. The primary mission of advertisement is to reach the intended consumer and influence their awareness attitudes and buying behaviour. As they spend a huge sum of money to maintain the consumer’s interest in their products, they need to understand what catches the consumer’s interest. Furthermore, due to the heavy regulated nature of this business, it is vital to evaluate the factors of youths’ attitude towards advertising to discover what antecedents that would affect youths’ preferences are. Research Questions The research questions are as follows: 1. Which aspect of advertisement influence youths in purchasing the product or service? 2. What is the relationship between advertisement and youths purchasing behaviour? 3. Why is advertising critical in ensuring the survival of the company? Research Objectives The objectives of this research are to: 1. Identify the aspects of advertisement which influences youths in purchasing the product or service. 2. Determine the relationship between advertisement and youths’ purchasing behaviour. 3. Ascertain the importance of advertising in ensuring the survival of the company. Scope of this Research This research centres around the impact of advertising on youths’ purchasing behaviour. In this research, youth is considered as anyone from age 18 to 24 years old. Furthermore, this research will be conducted at four different private universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (HELP University, Open University and University of Kuala Lumpur) as there is a limited amount of  money and time to travel to anywhere else. In addition, this research only consider students from different courses; one course per one private university. This research will only test whether the Independent Variables (credibility, informative, hedonic/pleasure, good for economy) influences the Dependent Variable (impact of advertising on youths’ purchasing behaviour). Significance of this research All companies in Malaysia spend a huge sum of money on marketing strategy of advertisement to introduce the product or services that they provide in market to consumers. Furthermore, with the restrictions to create creative advertisements from the Malaysian Communication & Multimedia Content Code, it made the job of the advertisers harder due to restricted contents that are allowed in an advertisement. Therefore, through this research, marketers and advertisers are able to identify the aspects of advertisements that youths in Malaysia prefer to have in an advertisement. This will help to save a lot of the marketing world’s expenditure and time as they are able to come up with a more efficient, successful and popular advertisement to suit the taste of youths in Malaysia. Theoretical Framework The dependent variable for this research is ‘impact of advertising on youth purchasing behaviour’. This research aims to find the factors of advertising that influences the youths’ purchasing behaviour. The first independent variable is ‘credibility’. According to MacKenzie and Lutz (1989), advertising credibility is consumers’ overall awareness towards the honesty, reliability, dependability and credibility of an advertisement. The second independent variable is ‘informative’. As recipients react very positively towards advertisements that provide information, information is treated as a very valuable incentive in the marketing world (Varshney, 2003). The third independent variable in this research is ‘hedonic or pleasure’. Abd Aziz, Mohd Yasin, and Syed A. Kadir (2008) found that advertisements can be pleasurable and entertaining in enticing and retaining attention given to customers’ desires and requirements. Lastly, the fourth independent variable  is ‘good for economy’. Based on the research done by Bauer and Greyser (1968), over 70 percent of their research sample believed that the living standard increased due to advertising and this in turn led to good products. Underpinning Theory The underpinning theory that will be used as a guidance to accomplish part of this research is the Hierarchy of Effects Model by Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner. This marketing communication model that was created in the year 1961 suggests that there are six stages that an advertiser has to guide the consumer to go through. After these six stages, the consumer has to decide whether to buy or not the products or services offered. The six stages comprises of awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction and the final stage, purchase (Nguyen, 2013). This research will be using the Hierarchy of Effects Model as a guide to develop the questions in the research’s questionnaire and also as a guide to analyse and understand the research’s results. Proposed Research Methodology The main purpose of this research is â€Å"To Evaluate the Impact of Advertising on Youths’ Purchasing Behaviour† among Malaysian youths. A survey will be conducted amongst the private university students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and a thorough analysis of the results will be made. Sample Size A sample of â€Å"200† questionnaires will be distributed for the purpose of study and analysis. Sampling Unit Sampling unit consist of private university students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sampling Technique Convenience sampling technique (non-probability sampling) is going to be used for the survey. Questionnaire will be filled by the private university students. Data collection: data will be collected through primary and secondary sources. 1. Primary data: primary data are going to be collected with the assistance of structured questionnaire. 2. Secondary data: Source of secondary data is going to be collected using the help of published reports, journals, and credible websites. Sample In this research, the sample will consists of 200 students (N = 200) selected from university students from four private universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia using convenient sampling technique. The sample size will be consisted of university students of age between 18 to 24 years old from four different courses. Survey Instruments The main objective of this research is to analyse the impact of advertising on youths’ purchasing behaviour for private university students in Kuala Lumpur. The data for this research will be collected by well developed, structured five point Likert Scale questionnaires. All of the questionnaires are going to be distributed among the students from four different private universities of four different courses. The answers from the questionnaire will be collected in a period of two weeks and the results will be analysed and evaluated using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 of IBM. The questionnaire is divided into two sections; section I and section II. Section I contains questions about the awareness about the advertisements and section II contains questions that describes the recent purchase the private students had done with the assistance of the advertisements that they have seen and attracted to. For this research, the Likert scale will contain a five point scale where number 1 is for strongly agrees while number 5 if for strongly disagrees. The five point Likert scale will be defined as below to help with the analysis of the results. (Number 1) Strongly agree (Number 2) Agree (Number 3) Neutral/No opinion (Number 4) Disagree (Number 5) Strongly disagree Conclusion Advertising industry is a very lucrative industry in Malaysia as it is able to make a high profit in a short time. The same cannot be said for any company that invests a huge amount of money in to make advertisements for their products or services. Advertising is a risk that companies have to  take in order to spread awareness to consumers about their new or existing products. When a particular advertisement is successful in catching the consumers’ attention and able to convince them to purchase the product or services, the sales for the company will increase but when it fails, the profits drops. As companies need to take such high risks every time they need to produce advertisements, it is important for them to know which market has the highest purchasing power and to have knowledge on how to attract these potential consumers. It is identified that youths have the highest purchasing power among all range of ages and this research aims to identify the factors of advertising that influences the youths’ purchasing behaviour. This research’s theoretical framework consists of four independent variables that are credibility, informative, hedonic/pleasure and good for economy and the dependent variable is impact of advertising on youths’ purchasing behaviour. In order to execute the research, Hierarchy of Effects Model by Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner will be used as an underpinning theory. Five point Likert Scale questionnaires will be distributed and collected in two weeks to university students from four different private universities. This research will be done in hopes that companies are able to produce more stimulating and successful advertisements to youths. References Abd Aziz, N., Mohd Yasin, N., & Syed A. Kadir, B. (2008). Web advertising beliefs and attitude: Internet users’ view. The Business Review, Cambridge, 9(2), 337-337. Advertising Development In Malaysia: Catching Eyebals in Changing Media. (2009, January 1). Retrieved January 27, 2015, from http://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/files/attachments/Ad_Dev_Malaysia.pdf Assaad, R., & Roudi-Fahimi, F. (2007, April 1). Youth in the Middle East and North Africa: Demographic opportunity or challenge? Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/pdf07/youthinmena.pdf Bauer, R., & Greyser, S. (1968). Advertising in America: The consumer view. Unpublished Graduate Dissertation, Boston, MA: Harvard University. Gupta, M., Engelman, R., Levy, J., Luchsinger, G., Merrick, T., & Rosen, J. (2014, January 1). The Power of 1.8 Billion: Adolescents, Youth, and the Transformation of the Future. Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP14-Report_FINAL-web.pdf Katke, K. (n.d.). The Impact of Television Advertising on Child Health & Family Spending. Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/ITUD/ict/newslog/content/binary/20-2008jpg. Lim, W. (2011, November 17). Only those aged 18 to 25 defined as youth. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=/2011/11/17/nation/9918718&sec=nation MacKenzie, S., & Lutz, R. (1989). An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context. Journal of Marketing, 53, 48-65. MCMCC, The Malaysian communications and multimedia content code. (1998, January 1). Retrieved from http: //www.cmcf.org.my/FILES/CONTENT_CODE_ (V6-Final).PDF. Maddock, T. (n.d.). Youth Marketing: Tips for reaching the lucrative teen, tween and college markets. Retrieved January 23, 2015, from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/youth_marketing_whitepaper.pdf Malaysia Demographics Profile 2014. (2014, A ugust 23). Retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/demographics_profile.html Nguyen, H. (2013). The Hierarchy Model of Advertising Effects: A Debate. International Integration, 92-96. Schiffman, L., Hansen, H., & Kanuk, L. (2007). Consumer Behaviour: A European Outlook. London: Pearson Education. The Report Malaysia. (2008). London, UK: Oxford Business Group. Upadhyay, P., & Joshi, J. (2014). Impact of Advertising on Buying Behavior of Youth in Kota City with Special Reference to Branded Outfits. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 2(2), 1-20. Varshney, U. (2003). Location management for mobile commerce applications in wireless internet environment. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 3(3), 236-255. Waters, J. (2006, October 11). Young, with tons of purchasing power. Retrieved January 13, 2015, from http://www.marketwatch.com/story/young-americans-a-giant-influence-on-buying-decisions-study What do we mean by â€Å"youth†? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/youth/youth-definition/

Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812 The Battle of New Orleans was fought December 23, 1814-January 8, 1815, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders Americans Major General Andrew JacksonCommodore Daniel Pattersonapprox. 4,700-4,800 men British Major General Edward PakenhamVice Admiral Sir Alexander CochraneMajor General John Lambertapprox. 8,000-9,000 men Battle of New Orleans - Background In 1814, with the Napoleonic Wars concluding in Europe, Britain was free to focus its attention on fighting the Americans in North America. The British plan for the year called for three major offensives with one coming from Canada, another striking at Washington, and the third hitting New Orleans. While the thrust from Canada was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh by Commodore Thomas MacDonough and Brigadier General Alexander Macomb, the offensive in the Chesapeake region saw some success before being halted at Fort McHenry. A veteran of the latter campaign, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane moved south that fall for the attack on New Orleans. Having embarked 8,000-9,000 men, under the command of Major General Edward Pakenham, a veteran of the Duke of Wellingtons Spanish campaigns, Cochranes fleet of around 60 ships arrived off Lake Borgne on December 12. In New Orleans, the defense of the city was tasked to Major General Andrew Jackson, commanding the Seventh Military District, and Commodore Daniel Patterson who oversaw the US Navys forces in the region. Working frantically, Jackson assembled around 4,700 men which included the 7th US Infantry, 58 US Marines, a variety of militia, Jean Lafittes Baratarian pirates, as well as free black and Native American troops (Map). Battle of New Orleans - Fighting on Lake Borgne Desiring to approach New Orleans through Lake Borgne and the adjacent bayous, Cochrane directed Commander  Nicholas Lockyer to assemble a force of 42 armed longboats to sweep American gunboats from the lake.   Commanded by Lieutenant Thomas ap Catesby Jones, American forces on Lake Borgne numbered five gunboats and two small sloops of war.   Departing on December 12, Lockyers 1,200-man force located Jones squadron 36 hours later.   Closing with the enemy, his men were able to board the American vessels and overwhelm their crews.   Though a victory for British, the engagement delayed their advance and gave Jackson additional time to prepare his defenses.   Battle of New Orleans - The British Approach With the lake open, Major General John Keane landed on Pea Island and established a British garrison. Pushing forward, Keane and 1,800 men reached the east bank of the Mississippi River approximately nine miles south of the city on December 23 and encamped on the Lacoste Plantation. Had Keane continued his advance up the river, he would have found the road to New Orleans undefended.   Alerted to the British presence by  Colonel Thomas Hinds dragoons, Jackson reportedly proclaimed  By the Eternal, they shall not sleep on our soil and commenced preparations for an immediate strike against the enemy camp. Early that evening, Jackson arrived north of Keanes position with 2,131men.   Launching a three-pronged attack on the camp, a sharp fight ensued that saw American forces inflict 277 (46 killed) casualties while sustaining 213 (24 killed). Falling back after the battle, Jackson established a line along the Rodriguez Canal four miles south of the city at Chalmette. Though a tactical victory for Keane, the American attack put the British commander off balance, causing him to delay any advance on the city. Using this time, Jacksons men began fortifying the canal, dubbing it Line Jackson. Two days later, Pakenham arrived on the scene and was angered by the armys position opposite an increasingly strong fortification. Though Pakenham initially wished to move the army through the Chef Menteur Pass to Lake Pontchartrain, he was convinced by his staff to move against Line Jackson as they believed the small American force could be easily defeated. Repelling British probing attacks on December 28, Jacksons men began eight constructing batteries along the line and on the west bank of the Mississippi. These were supported by the sloop of war USS Louisiana (16 guns) in the river.   As Pakenhams main force arrived on January 1, an artillery duel began between the opposing forces. Though several American guns were disabled, Pakenham elected to delay his main attack. Battle of New Orleans - Pakenhams Plan For his main assault, Pakenham wished an attack on both sides of the river. A force under Colonel William Thornton was to cross to the west bank, assault the American batteries, and turn their guns on Jacksons line. As this occurred, the main body of the army would attack Line Jackson with Major General Samuel Gibbs advancing on the right, with Keane to his left. A smaller force under Colonel Robert Rennie would move forward along the river. This plan quickly ran into problems as difficulties arose getting the boats to move Thorntons men from Lake Borne to the river. While a canal had been constructed, it began to collapse and the dam intended to divert water into the new channel failed. As a result, the boats had to be dragged through the mud leading to a 12-hour delay. As a result, Thornton was late in crossing on the night of January 7/8 and the current forced him to land further downstream than intended. Despite knowing that Thornton would not be in place to attack in concert with the army, Pakenham elected to move forward. Additional delays soon occurred when Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Mullens 44th Irish Regiment, which was meant to lead Gibbs attack and bridge the canal with ladders and fascines, could not be found in the morning fog. With dawn approaching, Pakenham ordered the attack to begin. While Gibbs and Rennie advanced, Keane was further delayed. Battle of New Orleans - Standing Firm As his men moved onto the Chalmette plain, Pakenham hoped that the dense fog would provide some protection. This was soon dashed as the fog melted away under the morning sun. Seeing the British columns before their line, Jacksons men opened an intense artillery and rifle fire upon the enemy. Along the river, Rennies men succeeded in taking a redoubt in front of the American lines. Storming inside, they were halted by fire from the main line and Rennie was shot dead. On the British right, Gibbs column, under heavy fire, was approaching the ditch in front of the American lines but lacked the fascines to cross (Map). With his command falling apart, Gibbs was soon joined by Pakenham who led the wayward 44th Irish forward. Despite their arrival, the advance remained stalled and Pakenham was soon wounded in the arm. Seeing Gibbs men faltering, Keane foolishly ordered the 93rd Highlanders to angle across the field to their aid. Absorbing fire from the Americans, the Highlanders soon lost their commander, Colonel Robert Dale. With his army collapsing, Pakenham ordered Major General John Lambert to lead the reserves forward. Moving to rally the Highlanders, he was struck in the thigh, and then mortally wounded in the spine. The loss of Pakenham was soon followed by the death of Gibbs and the wounding of Keane. In a matter of minutes, the entirety of British senior command on the field was down. Leaderless, British troops remained on the killing field. Pushing forward with the reserves, Lambert was met by the remnants of the attack columns as they fled towards the rear. Seeing the situation as hopeless, Lambert pulled back. The only success of the day came across the river where Thorntons command overwhelmed the American position. This too was surrendered though after Lambert learned that it would take 2,000 men to hold the west bank. Battle of New Orleans - Aftermath The victory at New Orleans on January 8 cost Jackson around 13 killed, 58 wounded, and 30 captured for a total of 101. The British reported their losses as 291 killed, 1,262 wounded, and 484 captured/missing for a total of 2,037. A stunningly one-sided victory, the Battle of New Orleans was the signature American land victory of the war. In the wake of the defeat, Lambert and Cochrane withdrew after bombarding Fort St. Philip. Sailing to Mobile Bay, they captured Fort Bowyer in February and made preparations for attacking Mobile. Before the attack could go forward, the British commanders learned that a peace treaty had been signed at Ghent, Belgium. In fact, the treaty had been signed on December 24, 1814, prior to the majority of the fighting in New Orleans. Though the United States Senate had yet to ratify the treaty, its terms stipulated that fighting should cease. While the victory at New Orleans did not influence the content of the treaty, it did aid in forcing the British to abide by its terms. In addition, the battle made Jackson a national hero and aided in propelling him to the presidency. Selected Sources US Army Center for Military History: Battle of New OrleansAndrew Jackson: Leading the Battle of New OrleansJean Lafitte National Historical Park

Learn About Molecular and Empirical Formulas

Learn About Molecular and Empirical Formulas The molecular formula is an expression of the number and type of atoms that are present in a single molecule of a substance. It represents the actual formula of a molecule. Subscripts after element symbols represent the number of atoms. If there is no subscript, it means one atom is present in the compound. The empirical formula is also known as the simplest formula. The empirical formula is the ratio of elements present in the compound. The subscripts in the formula are the numbers of atoms, leading to a whole number ratio between them. Examples of Molecular and Empirical Formulas The molecular formula of glucose is  C6H12O6. One molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen and 6 atoms of oxygen. If you can divide all of the numbers in a  molecular formula by some value to simplify them further, then the empirical or simple formula will be different from the molecular formula. The empirical formula for glucose is CH2O. Glucose has 2 moles of hydrogen for every mole of carbon and oxygen. The formulas for water and hydrogen peroxide are: Water Molecular Formula: H2OWater Empirical Formula: H2OHydrogen Peroxide Molecular Formula: H2O2Hydrogen Peroxide Empirical Formula: HO In the case of water, the molecular formula and empirical formula are the same. Finding Empirical and Molecular Formula from Percent Composition Percent (%) composition (element mass/compound mass) X 100 If you are given the percent  composition of a compound, here are the steps for finding the empirical formula: Assume you have a 100 grams  sample. This makes the calculation simple because the percentages will be the same as the number of grams. For example, if 40% of the mass of a compound is oxygen then you calculate you have 40 grams of oxygen.Convert grams to moles. Empirical formula is a comparison of the number of moles of a compound so you need your values in moles. Using the oxygen example again, there are 16.0 grams per mole of oxygen so 40 grams of oxygen would be 40/16 2.5 moles of oxygen.Compare the number of moles of each element to the smallest number of moles you got and divide by the smallest number.Round your ratio of moles to the nearest whole number as long as it is close to a whole number. In other words, you can round 1.992 up to 2, but you cant round 1.33 to 1. Youll need to recognize common ratios, such as 1.333 being 4/3. For some compounds, the lowest number of atoms of an element might not be 1! If the lowest number of moles is four-thirds, you will need to multi ply all ratios by 3 to get rid of the fraction. Write the empirical formula of the compound. The ratio numbers are subscripts for the elements. Finding the molecular formula is only possible if you are given the molar mass of the compound. When you have the molar mass you can find the ratio of the actual mass of the compound to the empirical mass. If the ratio is one (as with water, H2O), then the empirical formula and molecular formula are the same. If the ratio is 2 (as with hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), then multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by 2 to get the correct molecular formula. two.

Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter

Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter By Maeve Maddox When the medical examiner on a television drama announced that a death had been ruled a homicide, I used to think homicide was the same as murder. I now know that the words are not synonymous. Homicide is the killing of a human being by another human being. The word derives from the Latin compound homicida, which combines homo (man) with the verb caedere (to kill). Depending upon circumstances, a homicide may or may not be considered murder. The variety of state and national laws makes it difficult to attach specific definitions to words that represent the different kinds of homicide. What follows is a general treatment of these terms. Murder: the deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being. In British law, no degrees of guilt are recognized in murder. US law distinguishes between â€Å"first degree† and â€Å"second degree† murder. What constitutes these degrees, however, differs from state to state. Note: Murder is a word of Germanic origin. In antiquity, when raiding and blood feuds were common, the word murder denoted a killing done in secret, as opposed to homicides done in the open with no attempt at concealment. First Degree Murder: a murder that, because of the circumstances surrounding it, deserves either capital or severe punishment. Any premeditated killing that involves planning is first degree murder. Second Degree Murder: a malicious killing that was not premeditated. This kind of murder is not planned, but results from an angry confrontation or from depraved indifference to human life. One example is that of the neighbor who goes next door merely to complain about a barking dog but finishes by killing the dog’s owner. Another example would be that of a manufacturer who discovers that a product can cause death, but fails to recall it. Felony Murder Doctrine: Any death that occurs during or results from the commission of a felony is first degree murder, and all participants in the felony can be charged with and found guilty of first degree murder, even if only one of them actually did the killing. Manslaughter: Etymologically, manslaughter is the English version of homicide. It derives from an Old English compound that combines man with the OE verb slaeht (act of killing). The Modern English verb slay is related. Unlike homicide, which refers in general to the act of one person killing another, manslaughter refers to unpremeditated killing. Voluntary Manslaughter: the act of killing in the heat of passion. The usual example of this is the man or woman who finds a spouse in bed with another partner. Note: The difference between voluntary manslaughter and second degree murder hinges upon provocation. With first degree murder, the killer came with the intention to kill. With second degree murder, the killer decided on the spot. Either way, the killing is seen as malicious. The legal encyclopedia at Nolo explains that the charge of voluntary manslaughter is â€Å"a concession to human weakness.† The killing may have been intentional, but the provocation was such that could produce a similar emotional reaction in â€Å"any reasonable person.† Involuntary Manslaughter: the act of killing someone unintentionally while engaged in a non-felony. For example, killing someone while driving recklessly is involuntary manslaughter. A burglar who, in surprise at being interrupted, fatally pushes someone down the stairs would probably be charged with involuntary manslaughter- as long as he hasn’t brought a gun to the burglary. I repeat: These descriptions are very general. Anyone in need of precise definitions must consult a lawyer and local statutes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)The Parts of a WordHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Subculture, Taste Culture and Counterculture Theory Essay

Subculture, Taste Culture and Counterculture Theory - Essay Example An analysis of subculture, counterculture and taste culture theories must also be thrown into the mix, for they also help explain music scenes and the impact that scenes have on society, and vice versa. Lastly, a broader view may be taken by examining rock and music from a sociological perspective, as scenes are not just emblematic of their localities but are also a part of a larger societal fabric that encompasses larger groups and people, and it is also helpful to place scenes into a certain time as well. Therefore, this paper aims to explicate each of these topics, as well as present examples of particular musical scenes, to show how and why society is impacted by these scenes. Music scenes, and music in general, must be understood as influential by examining the scene’s role in the larger discussion of culture. â€Å"Culture† is a general term for how an individual finds meaning and collectively make sense of his or her world (Cushman, 1996, p. 7). It is how partici pants interpret events and communication to understand the modern world, and is the outcome of concrete experiences of the individual social actors in their social world. It is through making culture that individual and collective identities are formed (Cushman, 1996, p. 7). Culture has its roots in mans relationship to other men and to nature. (Hall, 1964, p. 318).

How can we make the roads safer for those who share the road with Thesis

How can we make the roads safer for those who share the road with bicyclists - Thesis Example Bicycle is emerging as a popular mode of transport and it gives its hundred percent to the owner. The question can be answered by addressing the psychology of the road users of different types of vehicles and better traffic education by the controlling authorities. The roads must be safer for all those who share them with bicyclists. Every life is precious, that of the rider on the bicycle or the gentleman driving the car. An accident is an accident and we know that it is an accident only when it happens! Deaths and injuries from car-bike collisions are common. It’s a human problem: The blame game-the motorists claiming the exclusive rights on the road, and the cyclists demanding equal rights-- is no solution to the issue. For road fatalities, cyclists are not alone responsible. The reasons are varied. Carelessness of the adventurous rider, mechanical problems, and bad road conditions are some of them. The cyclists demand their right on the road along with safety. An individua l must first live to exercise the right! It is not a posthumous award! The argument that if there is no bicycle lane, the road should be out of bound for the cyclists, may be technically correct, but it defies solution. The motorists need to give up the How can we make the roads safer for bicyclists AND those who share the road with bicyclists? stand that they are born to race the car at 100-120 km per hour, from the moment it is out of the garage till the final destination, is a greedy and one-sided approach. Limit the speed and accommodate the bicycle riders, instead of going ballistic over them. While tendering the advice I would address the session for the bicyclists first and urge them to follow the rules scrupulously. It is not a circus performance. Never zigzag to challenge the oncoming cars. Self-discipline is the life-saver. Cyclists demand rights on a city road, and that underlines perfect regard for the traffic rules. The end-results should be a win-win situation for all. The argument of the motorists that they have the exclusive rights to use the roads, for which they pay tax in dollars, is not perfect. Cyclists too have paid taxes at the time of purchasing the bicycle (though indirectly) and they are citizens of the country subject to all other tax laws and rights guaranteed under the Constitution. Motorists have not been conferred with special rights. Not legal arguments, it’s the question of smooth flow of traffic No traffic law can be applied strictly under all circumstances. The question needs to be addressed prudently from the point of view of flow of traffic in a particular area/city. For example, the traffic rules for the cyclists in the heart of the New York City and its distant suburbs needs to be different. The traffic police, with their expertise and experience, frames well-meaning rules for motorists and cyclists and it is in the interest of both to follow the rules. How can we make the roads safer for bicyclists AND those who s hare the road with bicyclists? Saving precious lives is more important than winning legal points in arguments. The one, who travels on bicycle, does so, not necessarily on account of non-affordability of a motor vehicle due to economic considerations, but may be due to the reality one has to face about the traffic congestion on city streets. Cycling the distance has turned out to be an alternative mode of transport, and the issue has to be understood in that perspective. It is in the best

Driving Around a Bend Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Driving Around a Bend - Assignment Example Higher is the speed and more is the angle of inclination. Many times, the turn is too sharp and/or the speed is too much to negotiate by the motorists and the vehicle skids causing fatal accidents. A car driver, unfortunately, cannot lean like a motorcyclist and therefore, he needs something else to help him negotiate a bend without skidding and that is banking on the road. In case of banking, there is an upward slope on the road from inner side towards the outer side of the circle. So the question is by what angle a motorcyclist should lean and also, what should be the angle of banking on the road near a bend to avoid skidding off a vehicle. These two are an essentially same problem and have been treated analytically in the subsequent section. Suddenly a bend comes on the road and he has to move along a circular arc. Moving along a circular arc requires centripetal acceleration and there must be a force to produce this acceleration. If the motorcycle goes on a horizontal circular path, this resultant force will also be horizontal. Let us consider a motorcycle of mass ‘m’ moving at a speed ‘v’ is negotiating a bend of radius ‘r’ and the road is horizontal. Therefore, the external forces acting on the vehicle are the following: As the road is horizontal, the normal reaction force ‘R’ is vertically upward. The only horizontal force that can act towards the center of the circular path is friction F. This is static friction and self-adjustable. The tires get a tendency to skid outward and the frictional force which opposes the skidding acts towards the center. Thus for the safe turn i.e. for the turn without skidding

The usage of accounting numbers in management compensation contracts Assignment

The usage of accounting numbers in management compensation contracts - Assignment Example (4 marks) b) Find a company (other than Qantas) which uses accounting numbers in their management compensation contracts. Identify the company and given an example of an accounting number that they use in their management compensation contracts. [NOTE: the company must be an Australian company, currently listed on the stock exchange. You must not refer to any financial statements before 2012. Any references to financial statements should clearly indicate the number of the page referred to.] (2 marks) c) On the 25th May, 2012, Hastie Group Ltd (http://www.hastiegroup.com.au) advised the market that an employee â€Å"deliberately caused †¦ irregularities in Hastie's accounts in the 2008?09 financial year†, leading to a $20 million dollar adjustment to its full?year profit. Hastie’s announcement to the market indicated that â€Å"some current and former senior management may have participated in the irregularities and failed to apply the required standards of financi al supervision and review.† If Hastie’s executives had received bonuses based on this incorrect figure, do you believe they should have to return this money to the company? Why or why not? (4 marks) Answers a. A management compensation contracts is a type of contract that is designed to connect the shareholder’s goals with those of the executives or CEO. ... In order to diminish the costs, contracts are utilized in the alignment of the stakeholder’s interests as well as actions of the two parties by relying on accounting numbers that provide incentive in maximizing shareholders value (Beatty, Ramesh and Weber, 2002, Pp. 218-227). The strong demand for accounting numbers assist in conceptualizing purpose of accounting information the evaluation as well as making decisions on issues of allocating scarce resources. Therefore, there are accounting oriented measures that are formulated to enable manage compensation contracts. These measures are utilized as a cost effective approaches in providing financial incentives allowing management in earning higher remuneration amounts in order to reach targets that have been set by accounting numbers to maximize shareholder interest. For instance, a management compensation contract stating that a director responsible for performance bonuses is supposed to rely on accounting numbers like equity r atios or net profits in order to direct a director’s compensation. This gives the management an incentive of making decisions liable to increase the shareholders value and at the same time trying to avoid NPV investments as well as reducing the consumption. Therefore, it is appropriate to conclude that accounting numbers utilized in compensation contracts assist in reducing agency costs as well as benefit the shareholders. b. The Woolworths Ltd Annual Report 2012 shows clearly that management is compensated by utilizing Sort Term Incentives Plans (STP) as well as the long Term Incentive Plans which constitute 40% of the remuneration offered to the Executive Directors. The STIP is based on accounting numbers like the

Research Method in E-Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay

Research Method in E-Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example This study focuses on a specific aspect of commerce: the supply chain management; emphasis is given on the risk involved in international shipping. Appropriate methods of research have been used in order to identify and explain the various aspects of the specific aspect of commerce. The literature review and the empirical research developed for this study have led to the assumption that risk can be related with all parts of commercial activities; the limitation of this risk is a challenging target, usually depended on the tools available but also on the experience/ capabilities of the persons involved. According to the report findings the use of existing theoretical framework has been proved particularly helpful for the effective handling of risk in commerce; unexpected problems may always appear leading to the decrease of effectiveness of the relevant theories and policies. The role of the persons that involve in the various phases of this activity, i.e. international shipping, is crucial for the limitation of risk; the state also has an important role to the control of the risk involved in international shipping but this role is usually depended on its power to enforce the relevant legal rules. The expansion of globalization has caused the alteration of business priorities worldwide; having to face the increased competition firms in all industrial sectors have been obliged to adopt innovative practices and to monitor all their activities making sure that they will be able to keep their position in the local or the international market.

The usage of accounting numbers in management compensation contracts Assignment

The usage of accounting numbers in management compensation contracts - Assignment Example (4 marks) b) Find a company (other than Qantas) which uses accounting numbers in their management compensation contracts. Identify the company and given an example of an accounting number that they use in their management compensation contracts. [NOTE: the company must be an Australian company, currently listed on the stock exchange. You must not refer to any financial statements before 2012. Any references to financial statements should clearly indicate the number of the page referred to.] (2 marks) c) On the 25th May, 2012, Hastie Group Ltd (http://www.hastiegroup.com.au) advised the market that an employee â€Å"deliberately caused †¦ irregularities in Hastie's accounts in the 2008?09 financial year†, leading to a $20 million dollar adjustment to its full?year profit. Hastie’s announcement to the market indicated that â€Å"some current and former senior management may have participated in the irregularities and failed to apply the required standards of financi al supervision and review.† If Hastie’s executives had received bonuses based on this incorrect figure, do you believe they should have to return this money to the company? Why or why not? (4 marks) Answers a. A management compensation contracts is a type of contract that is designed to connect the shareholder’s goals with those of the executives or CEO. ... In order to diminish the costs, contracts are utilized in the alignment of the stakeholder’s interests as well as actions of the two parties by relying on accounting numbers that provide incentive in maximizing shareholders value (Beatty, Ramesh and Weber, 2002, Pp. 218-227). The strong demand for accounting numbers assist in conceptualizing purpose of accounting information the evaluation as well as making decisions on issues of allocating scarce resources. Therefore, there are accounting oriented measures that are formulated to enable manage compensation contracts. These measures are utilized as a cost effective approaches in providing financial incentives allowing management in earning higher remuneration amounts in order to reach targets that have been set by accounting numbers to maximize shareholder interest. For instance, a management compensation contract stating that a director responsible for performance bonuses is supposed to rely on accounting numbers like equity r atios or net profits in order to direct a director’s compensation. This gives the management an incentive of making decisions liable to increase the shareholders value and at the same time trying to avoid NPV investments as well as reducing the consumption. Therefore, it is appropriate to conclude that accounting numbers utilized in compensation contracts assist in reducing agency costs as well as benefit the shareholders. b. The Woolworths Ltd Annual Report 2012 shows clearly that management is compensated by utilizing Sort Term Incentives Plans (STP) as well as the long Term Incentive Plans which constitute 40% of the remuneration offered to the Executive Directors. The STIP is based on accounting numbers like the

INTERIM PROJECT REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

INTERIM PROJECT REPORT - Essay Example In reference to The National Safety Council 1990 "industrial accident specifics", job related accidents caused injuries to the back more than any other body parts that were studied during the1989 research study. It was noted that back injuries were responsible for twenty-two percent of all the reported cases. All industry stakeholders, including employers, workforce, customers and the economy in general are all enormously affected. (Daltroy, L.H., Iversen, M.D., Larson, M.G., Lew, R., Wright, E., Ryan, J., Zwerling, C., Fossel, A.H., Liang, M.H. (1997). A controlled trial of an educational program to prevent low back injuries. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 337, Number 5, 322-328.) Guidance, education and preventive methods in work surroundings are not only a requirement for the wellbeing and safety of the workforce; they are also a legal obligation. Most countries’ labour laws require that employers meet the terms of the safety principles and policy in the place of work or they face huge fines. The aspect of plummeting the causes and frequency of back injuries in the places of work is not only critical for the well being of the workforce but also for the economic well-being of the business. As an employment prerequisite, each worker has the duty to work and act carefully on all jobs, at all times. An individual’s responsibility is to the business, their family and to an extent, themselves. (Amdam, R. P. (2010).  Insights into the Sustainable Growth of Business. Bradford: Emerald Group Pub.) It is very essential for a business like JIM’S CLEANING to make available a secure and healthy work environment. There are numerous situations where the regulations do not always comprise a specific situation hence you have to take time to constitute a level playing status and put into practice one’s own intelligence and education in order to carry out the task at hand without any injury incidents. . Any

How did government affect agriculture Essay Example for Free

How did government affect agriculture Essay The period of 1865-1900 was classified as an era of Republicans, where laissez-fare governments favored big businesses. Technology was significantly evolving, focusing mainly on urban manufacturing. New technological advancements in farming were sold to the farmers at high prices and shipped at high freight rates. Also, the prices of cash crops dropped during this period, causing many farmers to live in poor conditions. In government, the power of urban industry and big businesses overcame that of the pro-farming politicians. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions effectively declined agriculture politically, industrially, and economically. Impediments such as industrial issues, poor representation in government, and waning agricultural prices that the farmers were forced to face, made agriculture suffer greatly during the late 19th century. During this period, the U.S. was technologically evolving at a rapid rate. New inventions and advancements made life easier for the working class. Railroads, after spreading all over the nation, made any part of the country accessible and expanded the national market. Document B displays that the years 1870-1890, the number of railroads in the nations increased massively. Also, the number of railroads with major land grants grew as well. At first glance, this change seems to have benefited the farmers, but actually did the opposite. It is true that railroads allowed the farmers to expand and have a way to ship their harvest and cattle a lot faster to more markets. However, greedy men like Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads. Extremely high freight rates made the farmers lose more than they expected. Likewise, the cost of shipping, taxes, low buying prices, overproduction, and cost of equipment, the farmer gained a mere profit. The technological advancements did make farming easier, but often were too expensive for the farmer to afford. In document D, a farmer during a wheat harvest preferred to use a team of about 30 horses instead of the possibly motorized mechanical harvester. New agricultural technology didnt help much or not even as effective as old methods and also was too expensive so farmers chose to stick with the old methods. Technology seemed better when looked at, but not in reality when it was put to use. This is an example that can be characterized by the era named by Mark Twain, The Gilded AgeThe nations government policy at the time was laissez-fare or hands-off government. The  Republicans were in power during this period and favored industry and the big businesses. Consequently, farmers had a poor representation in government both in-state and nationally. Agri cultural process was made, but still were limited gains. For example, a law was carried through the Illinois legislature and then Supreme Court to limit the freight rates and it was passed (Document C). As you can see, it was a small victory for the farmers and others, but still limited to only Illinois. Furthermore, the ones that contributed to the growth of agriculture were those part of the Populist party. The party consisted of people who favored the rights of the farmers. Several organizations were established to favor the farmers. For example, the Grangers and the Farmers Alliance were organizations that allowed its members that shared common goals to organize and unite. In document G Mary Elizabeth Lease delivers a speech to the people, telling them that the government lied to the people and deceived them. She proves her argument with the crop price reductions and claims of overproduction. Also, the government had problems dealing with the Indians and the settling of agricultural acres for Americans (Document I). A huge controversy during this period was the issue of the gold vs. silver standard. The Populists of course wanted the silver standard, for inflation and to flood the economy. This would help out the farmers and miners out west. William Jennings Bryan claimed that the country depended on farmers and without them the country would fall. Also, that the country should be in favor of the farmers because they provide for the nation and are more important than the cities (Document J). The hand-off policy of the Republicans did not allow for much improvement of the nations economy and even let it suffer as did the farmers. Not only did the farmers suffer, but as well as the whole nation because of presidents such as Grant and Hayes. Economic conditions for the farmers were poor and no one was there to help them. The farmers tried, but could not gain the silver standard they needed to improve their positions and finance themselves. Moreover, the big businesses and pro-wealthy Republicans were in the way of the farmers and holding them back. In document A, one can see that as the farmers produced more and more to make more money, the price of the crop dropped as well, thus, leading to overproduction and loss of money. Even if the farmer was  successful, he would have to give up his success to the government and railroads with more power in the industry. Nevertheless, on occasion contracts were signed, for example the one in North Carolina shown by Document E where the farmer would sign away half of his net proceeds, leaving him with hardly anything. The farmer was left crippled in a nettlesome cycle. Many times, the cattle and crops were shipped to far away markets such as Chicago, and the transit fare would increase as the distance increase (Document F). This struck hard at the pockets of the farmers. Many farmers were left to starve, out of work, and poor. Additionally, the poor weather such as hail would ruin the crops or the businessmen would take the crops (Document H). Consequently, the economic conditions did not favor the farmer, even though they provided for the nation, they were ruined by the people they help feed. This period part of the Gilded Age, America suffered because of a weak government policy and the big businesses had the real power. Unfortunately, the farmers were struck with the negative side effects that occurred from all this. American agriculture greatly declined, even though at first it seemed to have been benefited, it was industrially, politically, and economically destroyed and left in a tormenting cycle.

Recruitment and Selection: Analytical Report

Recruitment and Selection: Analytical Report Grimshaw (2009, pg no 7) claims that bringing person or persons into the organisation is called Recruitment. It begins with the declaration to recruit continue through to the induction and settlement of the new employees. The action of adjudicating between groups of one or more applicants who is more appropriate for a particular job is called Selection. Edwin, B. Flippo. 1980. The Personal Management. The action or process of exploring the applicants for employment and activating them to assign for jobs in the organisation is called Recruitment. Recruitment and selection designates the consecution and arrangement of activities affecting to recruitment and selection of employable applicants and job holders for an organization The main aim of recruiting and selection is to get qualified employees who are suitable into the culture of the organization. According to Erich and Leonard 2009 in his recent study it was found that an appropriate Job analysis is the base of all other human resources functions. If we dont properly understand the nature, attributes of the job, we cannot hire the proper candidates for that specific job. While recruiting candidates an organization should keep in mind about the worthiness and quality of that specific position of the job holder. They should be trained after recruitment; organization should provide guidelines, arrange some development programs for the better criteria. It should begin with a proper job analysis. (Erich and Leonard 2009) JOB ANALYSIS A recent study (Hartley 1999) found that an organised and efficient process for gathering, collecting and examining the information about jobs is Job analysis. The collection of information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a specific job can also be called Job analysis. It accommodates the basis for a job description, which access decisions on recruitment, training, streamlined efficient and rewards systems. There is no point for hiring people unless we know what we are hiring them for. The main aim of recruiting job analysis is to adapt job description and job specification which helps to hire good quality of work force into the organization. The management of a business need to conclude what sort of work need to be done. Job analysis is a key part of this need. COMPRISES OF JOB ANALYSIS Job analysis would commonly contain: Nature What is the job and how should it recounts to the business? Purpose Engagement and Commitment in the organization. Duties and Accountabilities Achievements and Outcomes that the Job holder capable for. Performance criteria Measurement of Job holders Performance. Resource requirements Like Equipment, Location or Entrepreneur. While recruiting; organisation should mention the above criteria for the Job holders so that the candidates should consider the aim, purpose, liabilities, responsibilities, duties thoroughly and deeply. Example: In AIRLINES the air hostess job is to look after and provide good quality of services towards their passengers. The criteria of this organisation are not high enough. Those candidates are given first priority whose communication is good, who are soft spoken, look smart and descend, have good behaviour and etc, because it is all about customer care services. If the air hostess looks good and if she/he speaks gently, the passenger will automatically be persuaded and that is how the good reputation of the company or organisation can be made and more possible good outcomes could be achieved. As it is said that: First impression is the last impression. While recruiting; an air line also looks that the candidates should not be short tempered. These are the basic demands for hiring candidates in an air line. If the candidates are able to meet these standards; they will be appointed. We can take another good example about army recruitment and selection. The Gurkha recruiting process is one of the toughest of any Army in the world. Their soldiers are selected from amongst many thousands of hopeful applicants.  Gurkha soldiers tour around the remote villages of Nepal conducting the initial screening tests. Every applicant must meet the certain standards of education, fitness and health. If successful, they will be called to attend the next step. Retired Gurkha Officers hold a number of selection days across the country. Every recruit has to give his best and has to take the maths exam in order to qualify for the next level. The criteria are quite high enough, and no weaknesses are accepted. All who make it through this stage are good enough to be soldiers in the British Army, but very few are able to make it. Central selection is that process where those applicants are selected who has passed previous stages. This is the last and final hurdle for the candidates. In Bokhara, Western Nepal the candidates have to report recruiting depot and spend 2 weeks being put through their paces. Doko race is the most hardest and gruelling assessment. Candidates has to complete a 2 mile race up a near vertical hill carrying 35kg of rocks in a basket, the weight borne by the traditional Nepalese carrying strap across the forehead, due to which their stamina and potential can be checked out and it should be completed within 20 mints. All the candidates should have passed the Nepalese School Leaving Certificate, equivalent to between GCSE and A-Level standard in the UK.  If successful, the will be taken to Catterick in North Yorkshire to undergo training in the Gurkha Wing of the Infantry Training Centre. In his 8 months training, the new soldier will not only learn military skills, but will also pass English language exams.   After passing all these training, he can feel proud what he has achieved, but he will have to work harder and harder to live for his reputation that his forefathers have built. (Gurkha soldiers recruitment) ESTABLISHING GOOD AND EFFECTIVE HIRING POLICY: According to Kumar and Sharma (2000) in their research, an employers recruitment and selection practices look to ensure and most capable for job holders. Job analysis information helps job holders to achieve those aims and goals by ensuring selection criteria, such as the knowledge, skills, accountabilities and capabilities needed to perform a job successfully. Policies should be flexible in order to make good and efficient hiring practice. Job title, duties, responsibilities tasks are very essential contents. Targets and performances standard that the job holder is required to accomplish for the benefits of an organization. An organizational managers and human resource (HR) can use these information to choose or to develop adapt selection devices for instance interview, questions and tests. This approach to selection legally required. Job Description: Kleynhans, Ronel. 2006. Human Resource Management. Job description can be used to create some advertisements to recruit new employees and should give them some extra information about the job. The recruiter has to know the qualifications, skills or knowledge that the candidates need to perform that specific job. Without giving any information, an organisation would have to recruit and select, employees without any clear guidelines, and this could have given very bad results for the employees and the organisation. Advantages of Job Description: Clark. M, Marjorie. 2008. The Job Description Handbook. Job description accepts various numbers of some other considerable purposes. It discloses expectations and allows employees know what it catches to exceed in their jobs. Grant, C. Philip.1989. Multiple uses Job Descriptions: a guide to analysis, preparationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is a communication tool. If it is well prepared, it will give you a great deal about a job. Relevant information could be used in every human resource management and beyond the bounds. It will help the employees, their fellow workers, their bosses and people outside the organisation. If it is well described and prepared, will provide these people with a logical, laconic and accurate frame work. It mainly accommodates duties, aim, purpose, motives, responsibilities, vision, and working postures of a job along with a jobs title. A job description could also be used as a job indicator for candidates for a job. It can also be used as a guideline for an employee for the responsibility and duty within the organisation and the main aim and purpose of a job description is to have tracing an object of duties, sinsererities, and responsibilities to make the adumbrating action as direct and focused as possible. Job description may have the following contents: Responsibilities/roles can be improved by providing facilities to the members of the organisation. Empowering career moves within the organisation. Function of the assurance of the amount to pay. Specification of the job owner should be boosted comprehensively. While recruiting jobs into the market above standards could be the main elements for the job description. Job Specification: Kleynhans, Ronel. 2006. Human Resource Management. Credentials having minimum acceptable qualification that person should have to perform particular job. The concept of the job specification is derived from the job analysis. Educational requirements, personality traits or characteristics, experience, vision and physical abilities are included in Job specification. The candidates must have specific skills, capabilities, in order to fulfill the desired tasks of a position given by an organisation. A person specification can be outlined by the educational or institutional concerns, specialized training experience as well as more personal qualifications that an applicant must obtain. Heron, Robert. 2005. Job and work analysis: Guidelines or identifying jobs for persons withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ According to him, the productive placement in employment of job finders with disabilities associates making the best possible match between qualifications, interest, assurance, expectations and the requirements of enterprises, attested in the job descriptions and job specifications for particular vacancies. The job placements process needs detailed job description for each vacancy and a depicted job specification defining the general and particular concerns for every vacancy. Both the job description and job specification are depended on job analysis. Without good quality job analysis the description of job favourable circumstances will be ambiguous than absolute, general rather than specific, broad rather than detailed. Job specification specifies the qualities much needed in a job incumbent for the efficient and effective performance of the job. According to MUNRO FRASER, he gave some 5 useful points regarding recruitment and selection which are as under: The Frazer 5 Points Impact on others or the kind of acknowledge a persons manifest, speech and manner calls out from others. Qualifications and experience the skills, capabilities and knowledge required for different jobs. Innate abilities how immediately and accurately a persons mind works. Motivation The kind of work that demands to a person and the amount of aspiration they are prepared to put into it. Emotional (psychological/interpersonal) adjustment ability to work and cope with the commands of living and working with other people. Employment Legislation: According to Smith and Thomas 2007 research it was noted that Employment law is subjected of as a rapid revolution which could have happened to any authorized subject in this current era, and is absolutely one of the most challenging areas of law which should be kept well informed. Human Resources are getting changed rapidly in this era by Employment legislation. This domain will help you understand what authorized tools exist now; how your business will be affected and on what areas you need to be careful for. These sorts of objects are jotted down in a non confused, understandable way. Employment legislation influences on recruitment and selection: During this era body of legislation or law has developed ruling employer/employee Connections, interactions and the rights of employees and the employers in the organisation. Employment Equality and Regulations are being followed and providing equal opportunities to the UK employers. No candidates or employee will get less favour or treatment on the grounds of sexual orientation, discrimination in the areas of sex, political belief, disability, marital status, race, ethnic origin, nationality, religion or social classes. Following are the Acts which elaborates Employment Legislation deeply. The employment rights Act: Employment Relations Acts of 1999 and 2003 gives the vast range of authorized rights for the employees which mentions, Pay statement and national minimum wage should be declared, the terms and conditions must be set out in writing in order to protect unfair and biased dismissal at work. According to the sex discrimination Act, 1975: Employees must be protected against discrimination on the grounds of gender, for instance: While job advertisements into the market as well as recruiting and selecting employees for jobs, In assisting employees, offering training and career opportunities. There are some exceptional cases in which this Act doesnt apply related to Genuine Occupational Qualifications (GOQs). For example: if a female actress is hired to play female part in the film. The Equal Pay Act of 1970: According to this Act, men and women should receive equal payment for the same work to be done. The Race Relations Act, 1976: Race discrimination is illegal in the same way as the sex discrimination Act. For instance: Advertise for an English waiter to work in an English restaurant. The Disability Discrimination Act, 1995: When a disabled person is treated less favourably by the discriminator it comes under the discrimination Act. The National Minimum Wage Act, 1998: Legally employee must be paid at the minimum wage and this is increased each year in line with the rise in the cost of living. All Employees can work maximum 48 hours per week, and four weekly holidays. Recruitment and Selection Process: The evolution of captivating, attracting, screening, selecting accomplished and qualified people for a job at an organisation, company or a firm is called Recruitment. Some important criteria must be considered while offering job vacancy into the market, which is mentioned below: Vacancy Arises Need to fill position confirmed Consider job Description, job Specification and Selection criteria Prepare for Advertising whether it is internally, locally or both Determine the position of the job holder Prepare information packages Packages shall be approved by Human Resources Confidentiality Application forms Selection committee Responsibilities and duties of Selection committee Developed interview questions Conducting interviews Verifying credentials Rank of applicants Reference checking Selection report Advice to applicants Appeals process Induction Review Above are the main and important factors in recruiting and selection process. Jobs can be advertised through many different ways. Now days it is advertised mostly via news papers, internet, t through TV channels etc. People are getting informed and educated through all this modern techniques. For instance: if I am working in the Banking sector as a Branch Manager and I have to leave, I would advertise via newspapers, internet, and street banners etc. These could be the cheap modes of advertisement. The person who is looking for this job should be capable, got managing and communication skills, confident, experienced, punctual, goal oriented and is able to satisfy his customer utmost. He will be recruited in Head office by Regional Manager and Branch Manager. Duration of the interview may be more than 1 hour. While recruiting he will be observed and take into consideration whether this job is suitable for him or not, because he will have to make some good decisions so that the maximum profit could be generated and is able to give laconic presentation in front of Regional Director, Branch Manager, and Country Manager. If I ask to offer jobs into the market I would recommend this format for hiring employees. VACANCY Branch Manager Positions 05 Job Title Publication: External Industry: Banking Sector Department: General Designation: Branch Manager Location: Romford Degree Title: MBA Career Level: 5 years Experienced, as A Branch Manager Apply by: Sep 20th, 2010 Posted: Aug 21st, 2010 Job Description The applicants for the above posted job should be able to achieve assigned invested targets as well as keep trying to increase investment level. Make some effective policies due to which we are able to make good relation with the customer and try to promote business and generate money. The Selection Criteria: The Branch Manager will be selected on the basis of following criteria: Good effective organisational skills, attention to detail accuracy. Knowledge of the Banking sector, and the good policy maker. Be able to communicate with the staff politely and gently. Good oral and written skills. Capacity to work in a team in international environment. Knowledge of English as a working language. It would be an asset if the candidate has professional and reach to above criteria in order to promote business. They should be devoted, sincere and loyal towards their duties and responsibilities. Good attitude and behaviour plays a very vital role in any organization. If the job holder is focused, expert and motivated good results and outcomes can easily be achieved. Due to this, performance will be better and more chances to win the confidence of the customer. Owing to this, the customer attracts towards you and that is what any organization looks for this in order to build goodwill and make a good reputation into the market and more efficient possible outcomes could be achieved.

GEOLOGY - Earths Interior :: essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION For millennia mankind has inhabited the third planet from the sun; the planet that supports life and is know to us as Earth. Although there has been life on Earth for quite sometime, it is only in the past few centuries that man has come to learn about what makes up the interior of this planet. The English scientist, Isaac Newton, can be seen as a pioneer in regards to learning about the Earth’s interior, as he calculated from his studies of planets and the force of gravity, that the average density of the Earth is twice that of surface rocks and therefore that the Earth's interior must be composed of a much denser material ¹. Our knowledge of what's inside the Earth has improved immensely since Newton's time, but his estimate of the density remains essentially unchanged. So what is this new knowledge of the Earth’s interior? PRESENT KNOWLEDGE ‘A round sphere with many layers, all varying in thickness, each having it’s own colour and taste†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this is a description of a gob-stopper and also bares a close resemblance to the internal structure of the Earth; a sphere divided into three layers, differing in density, composition, strength, and state. The densest of these layers is the core, which is composed largely of metallic iron, with small amounts of nickel and other elements ². The less dense mantle then covers this layer, being composed of magnesium and iron silicates. The outermost layer is that of the crust, it has the lowest density of all the layers and can be separated further as its thickness varies greatly from place to place, with the difference being distinguished by land and sea and also its composition. For this reason the core is subdivided into the continental crust (average thickness 45km with a granitic composition) and the oceanic crust (average thickness 8km with a basaltic composition) ¹. Similarly the core can also be subdivided, but the difference is not one between compositions but one by physical state. The inner core of the Earth is solid iron; this is because it is under such high pressure, so high that temperature has no bearing on its state. The outer core has a balance between temperature and pressure so it’s iron composition is in the molten state. Rock strength can also add further categorisation to the Earths interior, bringing in the sphere layers: the mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere.

The Allegory of the Cave?? in Different Perspectives :: essays research papers

 ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave ¡Ã‚ ¨ in Different Perspectives  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave, ¡Ã‚ ¨ written by Plato, is an interpretation of a conversation between Socrates, Plato ¡Ã‚ ¦s mentor, and Glaucon, one of Socrates students.  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave ¡Ã‚ ¨ can be interpreted several different ways. Imagine men in a cave chained up by their necks and legs, forcing them to only look forward at a wall. An opening behind them lets the light in. Above the burning fire and chains, there is a road. Have these chained men ever seen anything else of themselves or others beyond the cave ¡Ã‚ ¦s shadows made by the fire? Some people would say the truth is only perceived by the shadows seen on the walls of the cave. What if one of these men ¡Ã‚ ¦s chains were taken off and he was free to leave? Would the man feel pain when seeing the real world? Would he be confused on believing what is real? Would it make a difference if the chained man was briefly educated about what he was going to see first? Perhaps he would understand and not be confused about what is real. Will the man think what he saw before was much more real than what he sees now? Questions like these will bring different opinions and meaning to  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Whose interpretation, if any, is correct when explaining the meaning of  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave ¡Ã‚ ¨? Does it have mathematical meaning, explain a vision of the whole world, or is it just a comparison to the field of social work? I personally feel that  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave ¡Ã‚ ¨ is a great explanation of how people in the world live. People are just like the men chained inside the cave, people only know and believe what he or she might have seen. Outside of the cave is the world around us. People are very narrow minded beings, a persons perception on life is only from their own experiences. When the chained men are let free is when people finally realize what is going on in the world and not just what is around them.  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave ¡Ã‚ ¨ can be interpreted with different meanings, such as Michael O ¡Ã‚ ¦Leary ¡Ã‚ ¦s theory of the cave being a place away from the world. Michael O ¡Ã‚ ¦Leary believes  ¡Ã‚ §The Allegory of the Cave ¡Ã‚ ¨ is Plato ¡Ã‚ ¦s explanation of the education of the soul towards enlightenment.

Sociology Paper

Option B Movie Analysis Watching movies is a leisurely activity enjoyed by many people. Not only are movies enjoyable to get a good laugh, cry, or just to relax to, but there are many things to be learned from movies as well. For this project I choose to examine two movies from a sociological perspective. The two movies I chose are, Law Abiding Citizen and 8 Mile. Law Abiding Citizen Law Abiding Citizen is a story of a man who takes justice into his own hands after the legal system fails to bring justice on the murderer of his wife and children.Instead of convicting the murder for a longer sentence, the lawyer plays it safe by making a deal with the murderer to convict for a shorter sentence; which in turn keeps his conviction percentage high. Questions for Law Abiding Citizen 1. What was the main issue the movie was expressing? Both individuals interviewed found that the main issue was that the main character Clyde is determined to bring down the corrupted law system that failed to bring his wife and daughter justice. 2. How was this issue presented?Both individuals agreed that this was apparent because the first five minutes of the movie show the murder take place and the rest is Clyde’s actions to bring down the law system. 3. What sociological issue was presented? Individual A believes the sociological issue presented is the relationships between the law system and Clyde. Individual B believes that the sociological issue presented deals with how crime and punishment affects society’s views on justice. 4. How was the sociological issue presented? Both individuals agree that these issues were straightforward in the plot.The issues were represented by the characters actions in the movie. 5. How did the movie distort social reality? Both individuals believe that the events that took place in the movie are extremely exaggerated. Although they both believe that the justice system has many flaws they don’t believe that a person would be able t o commit all the acts that Clyde committed without being caught. 6. How did the characters in the movie show deviancy? Individual A says that that all the murders that took place were deviant.Individual B agrees but also includes that the lawyer making deals with murderers is deviant because it doesn’t help society overall. 7. Why do you think that the characters had deviant behavior? Both individuals agree that Clyde was deviant because of the death of his family. Individual B adds that the lawyer’s deviant deal making is a quest for a higher career status. 8. Whose behavior do you find was more deviant? Both individuals find that Clyde is the most deviant because he caused the most deaths but they both understand why Clyde did what he did and take his side over anybody else’s in the movie. . Do you agree with the law system’s justice or Clyde’s form of justice? Both individuals agree with Clyde’s form of justice in the movie, but both thin k that in real life they would not act out in Clyde’s manner. 10. Whose act was more deviant in your opinion Clyde’s or the murder? Both individuals find that Clyde is the most deviant but they take his side over the murderer because they both feel they connected more with Clyde and his motives. I found that the main concept in Law Abiding Citizen was deviancy. Deviancy can be defined in many different ways.For example Howard Becker defined deviance as not that act but the reaction of others to the act. The textbook on the other hand defines deviance as, any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged and or condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of some groups. In Law Abiding Citizen, Clyde, who has witnessed the murder of his wife and daughter, displays behavior that could be defined as deviant. Ten years after the death of his loved ones he decides to take justice into his own hands. An example of his deviancy includes brutally murdering his family’s murderer.He does this by injecting him with adrenaline, sewing his eyelids open, placing him below a mirror, and cutting him limb by limb. Throughout the movie he murders more people that failed to bring his families murderer to justice. It is interesting to analyze the deviant acts by Howard Becker’s definition of deviancy. In the beginning of the movie a woman and daughter are murdered and the reaction I had towards the killer was disgust and anger. Later on in the movie when Clyde murder’s the murderer, it is much more graphic scene but my reaction to the act was not disgust and anger.In this scene I feel that I, as well as other viewers understand his motives. Both of the individuals I interviewed felt the same way. By Howard Becker’s definition the more graphic and torture some murder in this case was less deviant because of our reaction to the act. Clyde turned to deviancy. I feel that his deviancy relates to Robert Mertonâ₠¬â„¢s strain theory. Robert Merton’s strain theory analyzes what happens when people are socialized into desirably cultural goals but denied the institutional means to achieve those goals. Merton uses this term to explain why good people turn to crime.I believe this relates to Clyde because before the crime, he was a productive member of society, he supported his family and worked as an engineer. Unfortunately the justice system did not provide the institutional means of providing him closure on the crimes committed. He then felt the need to take action and provide justice himself. Another concept that goes along with strain theory is anomie. The book defines anomie as, a state in which the ties attaching the individual to the group are disrupted due to dramatic changes in circumstances.Emile Durkheim used the term anomie as a detachment from norms that usually guide ones behaviors. Emile Durkheim stated that this usually accompanies a lack in social integration. He also stat ed that the less socially integrated individuals are, the more likely they are to do harm to themselves and others. The behavior of Clyde shows that he is not socially integrated and he displays anomie. This was triggered by the death of his family members and the lack of support given by the justice system. 8 Mile 8 Mile is based off of Eminem’s life.It shows the struggles of growing up surrounded by poverty, drugs, alcohol, and gangs. The main character Jimmy (based off of Eminem) struggles with poverty and a drug addicted mother with an abusive boyfriend all while trying to establish himself in the music industry. Other barriers he faces include competing gangs and a weak support system. Questions for 8 Mile 1. What was the main issue the movie was expressing? Both individuals agree that there were many struggles present in the movie from poverty to gangs. 2. What sociological issue was presented?Individual A says that the issue was conflicting power struggles between gang s. Individual B says that the issue was how poverty affects people. 3. How were the sociological issues presented? Individual A says that the struggles between gangs were shown through the numerous fights and through the rap battles. Individual B says that the affects of poverty are shown through the acting out behavior of various characters as well as the mother’s need to stay with an abusive boyfriend for his money. 4. How did the movie distort social reality?Both individuals believe that the movie realistically portrays social relationships but neither one entirely sure because they have not lived in any areas similar to the part of Detroit in the movie. 5. Why do you think that the characters in the movie showed deviancy? Both individuals believed it was because they were born into it and don’t know how to live in another life style. 6. What are the ‘battles’ in 8 Mile? Both individuals stated that the battles in 8 mile were a way of the local lyrical minds to show off their talent against one in other to score a deal with a record label. . Why do the characters In 8 Mile participate in these battles? Both individuals said they participate in these battles to further themselves and possibly make it big. 8. Was the burning of the old house acceptable? Individual A said that they completely accepted that they burn the house down since no one lived in it anymore and it just served as a place for violence to take place. Individual B said they did not accept the burning of the house mainly because it still could have served as a shelter to the homeless. 9. What do you think was Eminem’s major setback?Both individuals said that poverty was the biggest thing holding Eminem back. 10. Why was it his major setback? Both individuals said that if it weren’t for his poverty, he would have never have been in all of the situations that he was in. Also though, if it weren’t for his poverty he wouldn’t be rapping about a lot of what he usually raps about so it helped him in a way also. There were many sociological aspects of the movie 8 mile. The movie did not go into depth in a particular sociological issue but many were present. One of the issues was the struggling family relationship.The family relationship in the movie was not healthy. The mother was a single mother living in extreme poverty. We learned in class that poverty is the primary strain in a one-parent family. In the movie the mother dates a guy who abuses her and her children. She continues to stay in the relationship out of fear of not being able to provide a home and food for her family. Another issue that is presented is the conflicts that arise when social classes conflict. In the movie there is a house where a young girl from a low class family got raped (as social class decreases being a victim to crime increases).The house is an abandoned house that remains standing until the characters from the movie decide to burn it down. They come to the conclusion that if the house was on the â€Å"other side† of 8 mile (the territory of another social class) that it would have been demolished by now. They then take it into their own hands to burn the house down. This is only one of the actions performed by the characters that could be considered deviant. The reasons for the deviancy in this movie vary from the deviancy in Law Abiding Citizen. The characters in 8 mile have deviant behavior, such as stealing, weapon use, fighting, and vandalism.I believe their deviance is best explained by the differential association theory used in symbolic interactionism. The differential association theory, coined by Edwin Sutherland, says that people learn to either deviate or conform to society’s norms through the different groups with whom they associate. Most of the characters in the movie were born into a low class life style. One of the characters was portrayed as having a status inconsistency. Status inconsi stency is when a person has characteristics high in one area of status and low in another. One of the members of Jimmy’s rival gang is a great example of status inconsistency.He is a member of a gang, walks the streets, is involved in fighting yet he attended Cranbrook and has two educated, happily married parents. I have watched both Law Abiding Citizen and 8 Mile on numerous other occasions before watching these movies again for this project. In the past I never took as much time to think about the driving forces behind the characters behavior and social contexts. As a result this project helped me analyze the movies from a new perspective. It was very interesting to see the concepts I have learned about in class be portrayed in the media.